There are various and varied roof structures: flat, terraced, and traditional. Each roof has its own characteristics and is made up of several elements such as flashings, battens, ridges, and rafters, for example. Know the elements that make up the roof of your home
What do we call a classic roof structure?
When we speak of a classic roof structure, it is more appropriate to speak of a traditional frame. Traditional framing, not to be confused with truss framing, is the most common roof structure in traditional construction. It is an assembly of large pieces of wood, fire resistant, structured to support a roof. Each piece of the frame is important and essential to the support of the roof.
Structure of a traditional frame
The frame is made up of large pieces of wood, assembled to each other to support the roof, and allow the roof to be covered. The roof covering is thus laid on a complex system of wooden slats, called battens, and rafters parallel to the battens. Rafters and battens are arranged on what are called purlins: large pieces of wood that rest on the classic structure of the roof, the truss.
Truss is the name given to any supporting structure. It is composed of a set of three elements:
- the crossbowmen who support the Purlins
- the entrance, horizontal base
- the awl, the main vertical part of the truss
The structure and elements of a roof can vary depending on the type of building and roofing system. However, I’ll provide a general overview of the common components you can find in a typical residential roof:
Roof Deck: The roof deck forms the base layer of the roof. It is usually made of plywood or oriented strand board (OSB) and provides structural support for the roof.
Underlayment: The underlayment is a water-resistant or waterproof barrier that is installed over the roof deck. It acts as an additional layer of protection against moisture, preventing water from seeping into the roof structure.
Roofing Materials: The roofing material is the outermost layer of the roof and provides protection against weather elements. Common roofing materials include asphalt shingles, metal panels, clay or concrete tiles, wood shakes or shingles, and synthetic roofing materials.
Flashing: Flashing is used to prevent water from penetrating vulnerable areas of the roof, such as valleys, chimneys, skylights, vents, and roof edges. It is typically made of metal or other weather-resistant materials.
Roof Ventilation: Proper roof ventilation is essential for maintaining a healthy and functional roof system. It allows air circulation, reduces moisture buildup, and helps regulate temperature within the attic space.
Ridge and Hip Caps: Ridge caps are installed at the peak of the roof, while hip caps are installed along the ridges and hips where different roof slopes meet. These caps provide a finished look and help protect the roof’s vulnerable areas from water infiltration.
Gutters and Downspouts: Gutters and downspouts are responsible for collecting and channeling rainwater away from the roof and the foundation of the building. They help prevent water damage to the roof, walls, and landscaping.
Roof Insulation: While not a visible component, insulation plays a vital role in maintaining energy efficiency and comfort within the building. It helps regulate temperature, reduces heat transfer, and can also assist with soundproofing.
It’s important to note that the specific design and components of a roof may vary depending on factors such as climate, building codes, architectural style, and personal preferences. Professional roofing contractors can provide guidance on the most suitable roofing system for your specific needs and ensure a properly constructed and functional roof.
